The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming every sector, with connected devices that collect, process, and exchange data in real time. However, alongside this technological innovation, important legal issues are emerging that cannot be overlooked.
Key aspects to consider:
1. Personal Data Protection
Many IoT devices process personal data (such as health, biometric, or geolocation data). According to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), those who develop or manage IoT systems are considered data controllers or data processors, with specific obligations:
- Transparent information to users
- Legal basis for data processing
- Technical and organizational security measures
- Privacy by design and by default
2. Civil and Criminal Liability
Who is responsible if an IoT device causes harm? The issue of strict product liability is crucial, especially in medical, industrial, or automotive sectors (e.g., connected cars). It is essential to clearly define contractual limits of liability between providers, developers, and users.
3. Contracts and Software Licensing
Embedded software is a core component of IoT devices. It is important to regulate:
- Usage licenses and updates
- Intellectual property rights
- SLAs (Service Level Agreements) for related cloud services
IoT regulation is constantly evolving. Those operating in this sector must adopt a “compliance by design” approach, integrating legal, privacy, and security considerations from the early stages of development and device management.
